Pediatric Typhlitis

  • Etiology: Immune suppressed or neutropenic patients infected with Candida, Pseudomonas or Cytomegalovirus
  • Imaging:
    — Predominantly in terminal ileum or cecum or ascending colon
    — Bowel wall thickening or fat stranding or pneumatosis intestinalis
  • DDX:
  • Complications: Can perforate
  • Treatment:
  • Clinical: Occurs up to 30 days post bone marrow transplant

Radiology Cases of Typhlitis

US of typhlitis
Transverse (above) and sagittal (below) US of the cecum show marked thickening of the wall of the cecum which is lying above the right psoas muscle.
CT of typhlitis
Axial CT with IV and oral contrast of the abdomen shows marked thickening of the wall of the cecum. The remainder of the colon was unremarkable.