Pediatric Hepatic Adenoma

  • Etiology: 4 types
    — Inflammatory: Obesity
    — Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-alpha-inactivated: “Steatotic” adenoma – oral contraceptive pills, multiple adenomatosis
    — Beta-catenin-activated: Males, glycogen storage disorders, familial adenomatous polyposis, greater risk for malignant transformation
    — Unclassified
  • Imaging:
    — 70-80% solitary
    — Range 1-15 centimeters in size
    — Multiple lesions common in patients with glycogen storage disease or liver adenomatosis
    — Hepatic adenomatosis (greater than 9 hepatic adenomas)
  • Imaging CT:
    — Well defined mass that can contain hemorrhage, necrosis, fat and rarely calcification
    — Non contrast: Hypodense or isodense
    — Arterial phase: Moderate enhancement
    — Portal phase: Lesions enhance similar to surrounding liver
    — Delayed phase: Lesions enhance similar to surrounding liver
  • DDX:
  • Complications:
    — Larger lesions are more prone to bleeding and rupture
    — Benign tumor with potential for malignant transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Treatment: Surgical resection if greater than 5 centimeters
  • Clinical:
    — Seen in older children and adolescents
    — Seen in young female with history of oral contraceptive pill use

Radiology Cases of Hepatic Adenoma