Pediatric Mastitis

• Etiology:
  — Inflammation of breast parenchyma
  — In neonate due to declining levels of maternal estrogen triggering neonatal prolactin secretion leading to breast hypertrophy with subsequent superinfection of this breast tissue by Staphylococcus aureus
  — During lactation due to Staphylococcus infection
  — Post trauma to breast
• Imaging US:
  — Poorly defined hyperechoic breast tissue with hyperemia with surrounding hypervascular and hyperechoic subcutaneous fat
  — May see skin thickening and axillary lymphadenopathy
• DDX:
• Complications: Breast abscess formation
• Treatment: Antibiotics
• Clinical: Occurs more commonly in neonate under maternal hormone stimulation, rare in adolescents, breast is indurated and red and painful, nipple retraction may be present, lymph node enlargement is common, systemic symptoms include fever and leukocytosis

Radiology Cases of Mastitis