Pediatric Splenomegaly

Etiology: Mononucleosis in adolescents, leukemia or lymphoma
Imaging: Normal splenic length in centimeters should be 6 plus 1/3 the age in years
Imaging AXR: Medial displacement of stomach
DDX:
Complications: Splenic rupture
Treatment:
Clinical: Patients with mononucleosis may present with spontaneous rupture of spleen or post trauma rupture of spleen

Radiology Cases of Splenomegaly

Radiology Cases of Splenomegaly in Portal Hypertension

CT of pediatric portal hypertension and splenomegaly — Axial (above) and coronal (below) CT with contrast of the abdomen show a very enlarged spleen along with gastric varices and tortuous venous structures extending from the splenic hilum to the splenomesenteric junction.

Radiology Cases of Splenomegaly in Hypersplenism

Angiogram of splenomegaly — AP image from a splenic angiogram (left) shows an extremely enlarged spleen. AP image from a splenic angiogram obtained after embolization with polyvinyl alcohol 250 to 350 micron particles (right) shows the spleen to be reduced in size by 75%.

Radiology Cases of Splenomegaly in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

AXR of acute lymphocytic leukemia — AXR shows diffuse enlargement of the liver and spleen.