Toddler with moderate to marked right hydronephrosis on ultrasound AP image from the excretory phase of an intravenous pyelogram (above) shows a normal left renal collecting system and a markedly dilated right renal collecting system. No contrast was seen in the right ureter. AP image from a retrograde pyelogram (below) shows a markedly dilated right renal collecting system and a narrowing and tortuosity to the proximal right ureter. The diagnosis was right ureteropelvic junction obstruction due to a crossing vessel.