- High flow
— Intracranial arteriovenous malformation
— Vein of Galen malformation - Low flow
— Cavernous malformation
— Developmental venous anomaly
— Sinus pericranii
Approach to the differential diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations:
- High flow
— Intracranial arteriovenous malformation – often presents with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage
— Vein of Galen malformation – often presents with heart failure - Low flow
— Cavernous malformation – often presents incidentally, classically has hemosiderin ring from prior microhemorrhage
— Developmental venous anomaly – an incidental finding
— Sinus pericranii – usually involves the cranial vault and the sagittal sinus