Newborn with respiratory distress

Pathology image of tracheal atresia — Post-mortem gross pathological images in anterior (left) and posterior (right) projections show absence of the trachea with the mainstem bronchi communicating with the esophagus.

The diagnosis was tracheal atresia.

Infant with respiratory distress and an anterior mediastinal mass

Pathology image of pericardial teratoma — Post-mortem pathological image shows a large heterogenous mixed cystic and solid mass arising from the pericardium of the heart.

The diagnosis was pericardial teratoma.

Preschooler with respiratory distress and an anterior mediastinal mass

Pathology image of mediastinal teratoma — Gross pathological image (above) shows a large heterogenous mixed cystic and solid mass. Specimen radiograph (below) shows multiple fine and coarse calcifications within the mass.

The diagnosis was mediastinal teratoma.

Infant with an echogenic lung lesion on prenatal ultrasound

Pathology image of pulmonary sequestration — Gross pathological image shows a left-sided supradiaphragmatic mass separate from the left lung. There was a feeding vessel connecting it to the aorta.

The diagnosis was pulmonary sequestration.

Premature newborn with respiratory distress on ventilator who is difficult to ventilate

Pathology image of pulmonary interstitial emphysema — Gross pathological sectioned image shows air bubbles throughout the pulmonary interstitium.

The diagnosis was pulmonary interstitial emphysema.

Infant with stridor

Endoscopy image of normal airway — Endoscopic image shows the epiglottis in the upper center of the image and aryepiglottic folds lateral to it to be normal in appearance. The airway in the center of the image is of normal caliber.

The diagnosis was normal airway.

Infant with stridor

Endoscopy image of normal airway — Endoscopic image shows the epiglottis in the upper center of the image and aryepiglottic folds lateral to it to be normal in appearance. The airway in the center of the image is of normal caliber.

The diagnosis was normal airway.

Toddler with an adrenal mass

Pathology image of neuroblastoma — Gross pathological image (right) shows a mass which is tan with focal areas of hemorrhage and calcification on its exterior. The cut surface of the mass (left) was whitish gray with numerous foci of yellow calcification.

The diagnosis was adrenal neuroblastoma.

Newborn with a cystic lesion in the posterior neck

Clinical image of occipital myelomeningocele — Clinical image shows an overt, non-skin covered spinal dysraphism.

The diagnosis was occipital myelomeningocele.

Preschooler with a cystic lesion in the chest and a positive Casoni skin test

Pathology image of hydatid disease — Gross pathological images show a large cystic structure without internal septations.

The diagnosis was hydatid disease.

Premature newborn with respiratory distress

Pathology image of respiratory distress syndrome — Post-mortem gross pathological image shows bilaterally small hypoplastic lungs.

The diagnosis was respiratory distress syndrome.

Newborn with abnormal facies

Clinical image of holoprosencephaly — Post-mortem clinical image shows hypotelorism, a single nostril, and a cleft lip.

The diagnosis was alobar holoprosencephaly.

Infant with a red lesion near the mouth

Clinical image of soft tissue hemangioma — Clinical image shows a large, raised, red, coarse lesion involving the lower left lip and associated perioral soft tissues.

The diagnosis was soft tissue hemangioma.

Infant with recurrent vomiting with feeds

Endoscopy images of esophagitis due to gastroesophageal reflux — Endoscopic images show the inflammation and ulceration of esophagitis throughout the esophagus.

The diagnosis was esophagitis due to gastroesophageal reflux.

Preschooler with stridor, sore throat, drooling and fever

Clinical image of epiglottitis — Clinical image shows a toxic appearing child who is drooling whose head is tilted forward to keep airway open.

The diagnosis was epiglottitis.

Preschooler with stridor, sore throat, drooling and fever

Endoscopy image of epiglottitis — Endoscopic image shows an endotracheal tube in the center of the image and enlarged cherry-red aryepiglottic folds lateral to it.

The diagnosis was epiglottitis.

Preschooler with stridor, sore throat, drooling and fever

Endoscopy image of epiglottitis — Endoscopic image shows an enlarged, cherry-red epiglottis in the center of the image and enlarged aryepiglottic folds lateral to it.

The diagnosis was epiglottitis.

Preschooler with stridor, sore throat, drooling and fever

Pathology image of epiglottitis — Post-mortem pathological image shows a swollen epiglottis in the center of the specimen and thickened aryepiglottic folds lateral to it.

The diagnosis was epiglottitis.

Infant with abnormal facies and congenital heart disease

Surgery image of DiGeorge syndrome — Surgical image of the anterior mediastinum shows the thymus to be absent.

The diagnosis was DiGeorge syndrome.

Toddler with stridor and a barky cough

Endoscopy image of croup — Endoscopic image of the airway shows mild sublglottic edema.

The diagnosis was croup.

Infant with an echogenic lung mass on prenatal ultrasound

Pathology image of congenital pulmonary airway malformation — Gross pathological image of the sectioned left lung shows multiple large cystic lesions throughout the entire lung.

The diagnosis was congenital pulmonary airway malformation.

Preschooler with respiratory distress

Pathology image of bronchial atresia — Gross pathological image of a sectioned lung shows an oval dilated mucous filled airway (in the lower right aspect of the specimen) distal to an atretic bronchus.

The diagnosis was bronchial atresia.

Newborn with respiratory distress and skeletal dysplasia

Pathology image of asphyxiating thoracic dystropy — Post-mortem gross pathological image (above) shows a small volume thorax and hypoplastic lungs caused by ribs that are very short in length (below).

The diagnosis was asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy.

Newborn with a nasal mass

Pathology image of nasal teratoma — Gross pathological image shows a large, round, primarily solid mass which also had some cystic components.

The diagnosis was nasal teratoma.

Infant with history of ovarian cyst on prenatal ultrasound who had a right upper quadrant calcification on CXR

Surgery image of a normal ovary — Surgical image after resection of a torsed right ovary shows a normal left ovary (which is white) in the midline just above the retractor.

The diagnosis was in-utero ovarian torsion of the right ovary and a normal left ovary.