School ager with large and rapidly enlarging soft tissue mass involving his right arm and chest

Surgery image of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor — Surgical image through a right thoracotomy shows a large mass originating in the apex of the right chest. Normal lung can be seen in the upper right corner of the incision.

The diagnosis was malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a patient with multiple plexiform neurofibromas who has neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Newborn with large soft tissue mass on the back

Pathology image of infantile fibrosarcoma — Gross pathological image after en bloc resection shows a large solid mass.

The diagnosis was infantile fibrosarcoma.

Infant with vomiting

Surgery image of pyloromyotomy — Surgical image shows the pylorus muscle split with bulging exposed mucosa.

The diagnosis was hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Teenager with chronic right lower quadrant pain

Colonoscopy images of Crohn disease — Colonoscopy images of the terminal ileum show it to be diffusely thickened and to have a cobblestone appearance.

The diagnosis was Crohn disease.

Teenager with left chest pain

Pathology image of Ewing sarcoma of the rib — Gross pathological image after a chest wall and diaphragm resection shows the left seventh rib and part of the eighth rib with the tumor adherent to their inner surface. A portion of shiny white pleura is attached to the tumor and portions of lung are seen above and to the left of the tumor.

The diagnosis was Ewing sarcoma of the rib.

Newborn with right chest mass on prenatal ultrasound

Surgery image of congenital diaphragmatic hernia — Surgical image taken after reduction of a diaphragmatic hernia and repair of a right diaphragmatic defect shows the Gore-Tex patch (white) replacing the absent posterolateral portion of diaphragm.

The diagnosis was right congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Newborn with nasal mass on prenatal US

Clinical image of nasal teratoma — Clinical image shows a purple mass arising from the nasal septum.

The diagnosis was nasal teratoma.

Infant with a small sinus in the right neck at the right sternocleidomastoid muscle that expresses secretions

Surgical image of second branchial cleft cyst — Surgical image shows excision of the sinus up to its origin in the tonsillar fossa with a probe inserted into the lumen of the sinus tract.

The diagnosis was second branchial cleft cyst.

Newborn with a sacral mass

Pathological image of sacrococcygeal teratoma — Gross pathological image shows a large heterogenous sacral mass after resection.

The diagnosis was sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Toddler with an abdominal mass

Surgical image of mesenchymal hamartoma — Surgical image of the under surface of the liver with the hila being dissected shows a large tumor in the left medial segment of the liver.

The diagnosis was mesenchymal hamartoma.

Infant with an abdominal mass

Clinical image of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor — Clinical image shows a large firm abdominal mass causing abdominal distension.

The diagnosis was inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.

Newborn with large soft tissue mass on the back

Clinical image of infantile fibrosarcoma — Clinical image shows a large firm mass near the right scapula with overlying skin necrosis.

The diagnosis was infantile fibrosarcoma.

Infant with vomiting

Surgical image of pyloromyotomy — Surgical image shows that while stabilizing the pylorus between the thumb and forefinger, a shallow incision is made and then the musculature of the pylorus is bluntly split.

The diagnosis was hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Newborn with vomiting and abdominal mass

Surgical image of duodenal duplication — Surgical image shows a mass attached to the inner surface of the C-loop of the duodenum from just distal to the pylorus to slightly proximal to the region of the ampulla of Vater with the transverse colon draped underneath it.

The diagnosis was duodenal duplication.

Teenager with a neck mass

Clinical image of follicular thyroid adenoma — Clinical images show a large nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid gland which was easily palpable.

The diagnosis was follicular thyroid adenoma.

Preschooler with midline neck mass

Surgery image of thyroglossal duct cyst — Surgical images show the mass (between the forceps) which had been intimately adherent to the mid-point of the hyoid bone and a central tract extending from the mass up to the foramen cecum.

The diagnosis was thyroglossal duct cyst.

Newborn with a nasal mass

Gross pathology image of nasal teratoma — Gross pathological cut image shows the irregular nature of the interior of the mass including cysts and cartilage.

The diagnosis was nasal teratoma.

Newborn with a nasal mass

Clinical image of nasal teratoma — Clinical image shows a purple nasal mass, cystic in consistency, attached by a 2 cm stalk to the entire nasal tip.

The diagnosis was nasal teratoma.

Newborn with renal mass on prenatal ultrasound

Gross pathology image of mesoblastic nephroma — Gross pathological image shows a large, round, solid renal mass after resection.

The diagnosis was mesoblastic nephroma.

Newborn with a large soft tissue mass on the back

Surgical image of infantile fibrosarcoma — Surgical image shows an en bloc excision of the mass along with the overlying skin.

The diagnosis was infantile fibrosarcoma.

Infant with vomiting

Surgical image of pyloromyotomy — Surgical image shows the pyloric muscle being spread, exposing the mucosa.

The diagnosis was hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Newborn with vomiting and a palpable abdominal mass

Gross pathology image of duodenal duplication — Gross pathological image shows an intact cystic mass that had been attached to the inner surface of the C-loop of the duodenum. Two orifices to the duodenal lumen can be seen along the inferior edge of the specimen.

The diagnosis was duodenal duplication.

Teenager with abdominal pain and vomiting

Gross pathology image of Crohn disease — Gross pathological image shows the terminal ileum to be thickened with mesenteric fat surrounding it. The appendix (to the left) is normal.

The diagnosis was Crohn disease.

Newborn with an absent anal orifice

Surgical image of anorectal malformation — Surgical image shows the rectum opened posteriorly through a posterior sagittal incision. A small catheter (in the center) is shown coursing through a rectourethral fistula.

The diagnosis was anorectal malformation.

Newborn with left diaphragmatic hernia status post repair

Pathological image of congenital diaphragmatic hernia — Post mortem pathological image of the underside of the removed diaphragm shows a Gore-Tex patch in the left posterolateral foramen of Bochdalek.

The diagnosis was left congenital diaphragmatic hernia.