Infant with an enlarged left scrotum

US of encysted hydrocele of the spermatic cord — Sagittal US of the left scrotum shows a large anechoic mass in the left inguinal canal and upper scrotum that is superior to the left epididymis and testicle which are located on the right most aspect of the image. The mass did not communicate with the peritoneal cavity.

The diagnosis was an encysted hydrocele of the spermatic cord.

School ager with left hip pain for 5 weeks

Radiograph of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease — AP (left) and frog-leg (right) radiographs of the left hip show in the left femoral head a subarticular lucency and sclerosis and an irregular contour along with loss of height of the femoral head.

The diagnosis was Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

Infant with left postauricular swelling

CT of Bezold abscess and coalescent mastoiditis — Axial CT with contrast of the brain (above left) shows two rim enhancing fluid collections in the subcutaneous tissues next to the left mastoid air cells. There is also extensive soft tissue inflammation tracking up the left side of the skull (above right). Axial CT bone windows (below) shows complete opacification of the left mastoid air cells and bone erosion and destruction along the lateral wall of the mastoid bone that is allowing communication between the mastoid air cells and the largest rim enhancing fluid collection.

The diagnosis was Bezold abscess in a patient with coalescent mastoiditis.

Teenager with dysphagia

Upper GI of esophageal web — Lateral images from an upper GI exam show a persistent anterior indendation and narrowing of the esophagus at the level of the C3 vertebral body which impedes the flow of contrast through it.

The diagnosis was esophageal web.

School ager with lateral foot pain after trauma

Radiograph of fifth metatarsal fracture — AP (left) and oblique (right) radiographs of the foot show a transverse lucent line through the base of the fifth metatarsal.

The diagnosis was fracture of the fifth metatarsal.

School ager with fever and cough

CXR of bacterial pneumonia in right middle lobe — CXR PA (left) shows dense opacity in the lateral aspect of the right mid-lung. CXR lateral (right) shows the opacity to be located in the right middle lobe.

The diagnosis was bacterial pneumonia in the lateral segment of the right middle lobe.

School ager with cough and fever

CXR of bacterial pneumonia in left upper lobe — CXR PA (above left) shows an opacity in the left lung that obscures the left mediastinum and left heart border which on the CXR lateral (above right) is seen to be located in the upper lung. Coronal (below left) and sagittal (below right) CT without contrast of the chest better localizes the opacities in the left upper lung.

The diagnosis was bacterial pneumonia of the left upper lobe.

Teenager with a palpable mass superior to the left testicle

US of epididymal cyst — Sagittal US of the left scrotum (above) shows normal appearance of the left testicle. Sagittal US of the left scrotum (below) shows an anechoic oval lesion in the head of the left epididymis.

The diagnosis was epididymal cyst.

School ager with left hip pain

Radiograph of ischiopubic synchondrosis asymmetry — Pelvic radiograph shows asymmetric enlargement of the left ischiopubic synchondrosis.

The diagnosis was ischiopubic synchondrosis asymmetry.

Infant with head trauma after motor vehicle accident

CT of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor — Axial (above), coronal (below left) and sagittal (below right) CT without contrast of the brain show an oval high density solid mass centered in the region of the pineal gland.

The diagnosis was atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor.

School ager with sickle cell disease and abdominal pain

US of gangrenous cholecystitis — Sagittal (left) and transverse (right) US of the gallbladder show the gallbladder to be filled with sludge and debris. The gallbladder wall is thickened and in one area was felt to be discontinuous. There were multiple gall stones present in the common bile duct (not pictured).

The diagnosis was gangrenous cholecystitis due to choledocholithiasis in a patient with sickle cell disease.

Preschooler whose brother fell on her arm while playing on a trampoline

Radiograph of supracondylar elbow fracture. — Lateral radiograph of the elbow shows a transverse lucent line above the condyles of the distal humerus. There is elevation of the posterior fat pad.

The diagnosis was supracondylar elbow fracture.

Preschooler with leukemia who is febrile

CXR of bacterial pneumonia in right upper lobe — CXR PA (left) shows a triangular dense opacity in the lateral aspect of the right upper lobe that on the CXR lateral (right) is seen to be posterior in location.

The diagnosis was bacterial pneumonia in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe.

Teenager with cough and fever

CXR of bacterial pneumonia in the lingula — CXR AP (left) shows dense opacity in the lower left lung that is obscuring the left heart border and causing a silhouette sign. CXR lateral (right) shows a dense triangular opacity anterior over the heart.

The diagnosis was bacterial pneumonia in the lingula.

School ager with hematuria who has lymphoma and is being treated with cyclophosphamide

CT of cyclophosphamide induced cystitis with a large blood clot in the bladder — Axial CT with contrast of the pelvis (above) shows mild thickening of the wall of the bladder which has a large oval mass within it that has a whorled appearance. Transverse US of the bladder (below) shows a large round echogenic lesion with a whorled appearance located posteriorly in the bladder.

The diagnosis was cyclophosphamide induced cystitis with a large blood clot in the bladder.

School ager with end stage renal disease

Radiograph of secondary hyperparathyroidism with a brown tumor of the fifth metacarpal — AP radiograph of the hand shows a lytic lesion in the fifth metacarpal with coarsening of the trabeculae and periosteal reaction along the radial aspect of the middle phalanges.

The diagnosis was secondary hyperparathyroidism with a brown tumor of the fifth metacarpal.

Toddler with a hair tuft at the cranial vertex

MRI of atretic cephalocele — Sagittal T2 MRI of the brain shows in the subcutaneous tissue at the vertex of the skull a subgaleal lipomatous and cystic lesion in close approximation to a persistent falcine sinus.

The diagnosis was atretic cephalocele.

School ager with abdominal pain

Radiograph of pneumatosis intestinalis of the colon — Initial AXR (left) shows linear appearing air throughout the wall of the ascending colon. AXR obtained 4 hours later (middle) shows cystic as well as linear appearing air throughout the wall of the ascending colon. AXR obtained 12 hours later (right) again shows cystic as well as linear appearing air throughout the wall of the ascending colon.

The diagnosis was pneumatosis intestinalis of the colon.

School ager with elbow pain after fall on to outstretched hand

Radiograph of supracondylar elbow fracture — AP radiograph of the elbow (left) shows a transverse lucent line in the distal humerus above the condyles. Lateral radiograph of the elbow (right) shows marked elevation of the anterior and posterior fat pads.

The diagnosis was supracondylar elbow fracture.

School ager with cough and fever

CXR of bacterial pneumonia in the lingula — CXR AP (left) shows dense opacity in the lower left lung that is obscuring the left heart border and causes a silhouette sign. CXR lateral (right) shows a dense oval opacity anterior over the heart.

The diagnosis was bacterial pneumonia in the lingula.

School ager after feeding tube placement

CXR of feeding tube tip in the left mainstem bronchus — CXR AP shows the tip of the feeding tube projecting over the left mainstem bronchus.

The diagnosis was feeding tube malfunction in the form of the tip of the feeding tube being in the left mainstem bronchus.

School ager with difficulty voiding

Retrograde urethrogram of Cowper duct syringocele and stricture of the membranous urethra — Lateral image from a retrograde urethrogram exam shows a short tubular tract filled with contrast inferior to the contrast filled urethra. There is also a persistent long narrowing in the membranous urethra.

The diagnosis was Cowper duct syringocele in a patient with a stricture of the membranous urethra.

School ager with a bleeding diathesis with pain and swelling of the lower extremities

MRI of hemophilia with hemorrhage in the calfs — Axial T2 fat sat (above) and axial GRE (below) MRI of the lower extremities shows symmetric bilateral increased T2 signal and gradient echo blooming primarily in the superficial and posterior deep compartments bilaterally.

The diagnosis was hemophilia with hemorrhage in the calfs.

School ager with Trisomy 21 being cleared for general anesthesia

Radiograph of atlanto occipital instability — Lateral flexion view of the cervical spine (left) shows a normal relationship of the occipital condyles to the articular facets of the atlas. The atlanto dental interval is also normal. Lateral extension view of the cervical spine (right) shows posterior displacement of the occipital condyles in relation to the articular facets of the atlas. There is posterior positioning of Wackenheim line and retrolisthesis of the C3 on C4 vertebral body. The atlanto dental interval remains normal.

The diagnosis was atlanto occipital instability in a patient with Trisomy 21.

Toddler with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with abdominal pain

AXR of pneumatosis intestinalis of the colon — AXR AP shows serpiginous lucencies in the abdomen representing a marked amount of curvilinear appearing air in the wall of the ascending and transverse colon.

The diagnosis was pneumatosis intestinalis of the colon.