Preschooler with elbow pain after being tackled

Radiograph of ossification centers of the elbow ossifying out of their normal order
AP (left) and lateral (right) radiographs of the elbow show ossification of the capitellum and internal (medial) epicondyle. The radial head is not yet ossified. No fracture or fat pad elevation is seen.

The diagnosis was no fracture of the elbow as the ossification centers of the elbow are ossifying out of their normal order as normally the radial head should ossify before the internal (medial) epicondyle according to the CRITOE mneumonic.

Teenager with lightheadedness and dizziness when their head is turned to the right or the left

MRA of otational vertebral artery occlusion syndrome of the right vertebral artery
Coronal 3D MRA without contrast of the neck with the head turned to the left (above left) and right (below left) shows focal narrowing of the right vertebral artery V3 segment in both positions. Coronal 3D MRA with contrast with the neck in a neutral position (right) shows a normal appearance to the vertebral arteries.

The diagnosis was rotational vertebral artery occlusion syndrome of the right vertebral artery.

School ager with a myelomeningocele who is insensate in the lower extremities who had left varus derotation osteotomy surgery 2 months ago and now has new left thigh swelling

Radiograph of congenital insensitivity to pain resulting in exuberant periosteal reaction
AP (left) and lateral (right) radiographs of the left femur show a normal post operative appearance to the left hip plate and screws. There is exuberant periosteal reaction present along the femur. There is an irregular lucency in the distal femoral metaphysis.

The diagnosis was congenital insensitivity to pain resulting in exuberant periosteal reaction from an undiagnosed nondisplaced distal femur fracture.

Teenager who was hit hard during a hockey game who now has right chest pain

CT of sternoclavicular joint dislocation
3D CT without contrast of the chest viewed anteriorly (above) shows normal alignment of the left sternoclavicular joint and malalignment of the right sternoclavicular joint. 3D CT viewed from above (below) shows the right clavicular head is displaced posteriorly to the manubrium of the sternum when compared to the left clavicular head.

The diagnosis was right posterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation.

Teenager with worsening back pain

MRI of tuberculous osteomyelitis of the spine
Sagittal T1 without contrast (above left) and T2 (above middle) MRI of the spine shows destruction of an intervertebral disc space and near-complete collapse of a vertebral body at the thoracolumbar junction with an associated kyphotic deformity. Sagittal T1 with contrast MRI (above right) shows a rim enhancing subligamentous fluid collection anterior to the vertebral body. Axial T1 with contrast MRI (below left) better shows the subligamentous fluid collection anterior to the vertebral body while a lower axial image (below right) shows a large rim enhancing abscess in the left posas muscle.

The diagnosis was tuberculous osteomyelitis causing discitis and a left psoas abscess.