Newborn with a sacral dimple

Clinical image of a dermal sinus tract — Clinical image shows a sacral dermal sinus tract in the midline just above the gluteal cleft.

The diagnosis was normal position of the conus in a patient without a tethered cord.

Newborn with a sacral dimple

Clinical image of a sacral dimple — Clinical image shows a round sacral dimple in the midline just above the gluteal cleft.

The diagnosis was a tethered cord.

Newborn with a hard swollen right scrotum

Surgical image of testicular torsion — Surgical image shows a purple and necrotic appearing right testicle and a normal appearing and well-perfused left testicle.

The diagnosis was right testicle torsion.

Newborn with a hard swollen right scrotum

Clinical image of testicular torsion — Clinical image shows an enlarged right scrotum.

The diagnosis was right testicle torsion.

Newborn with a hard swollen right scrotum

Surgical image of testicular torsion — Surgical image shows a purple and necrotic appearing right testicle and a normal appearing and well-perfused left testicle.

The diagnosis was right testicle torsion.

Newborn with a palpable right-sided abdominal mass

Surgical image of retroperitoneal teratoma — Gross pathological image shows a large heterogenous mass that was cystic to palpation.

The diagnosis was retroperitoneal teratoma.

Newborn with a palpable right-sided abdominal mass

Gross pathology image of retroperitoneal teratoma — Gross pathological image shows a large heterogenous mass that was cystic to palpation.

The diagnosis was retroperitoneal teratoma.

Infant with hematuria

Gross pathological image of rhabdoid tumor of the kidney — Gross pathological image of the kidney (above) and sectioned gross pathological image of the kidney (below) shows a bulging, well circumscribed, white-tan tumor that is approximately 20% necrotic and that did not penetrate the renal capsule.

The diagnosis was rhabdoid tumor of the kidney.

Teenager with black-blue subcutaneous nodules and chronic GI bleeding

Gross pathology image of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome of the small intestine — Gross pathological image shows the mucosal surface of a fragment of small intestine with two focal areas of ulceration which appear hemorrhagic.

The diagnosis was blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

Teenager with black-blue subcutaneous nodules and chronic GI bleeding

Surgical image of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with lesion in the small bowel — Surgical image close-up shows two venous malformations in the small intestine.

The diagnosis was blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

Teenager with black-blue subcutaneous nodules and chronic GI bleeding

Surgical image of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with lesion in the small bowel — Surgical image shows multiple venous malformations in the small intestine.

The diagnosis was blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

Teenager with black-blue subcutaneous nodules and chronic GI bleeding

Clinical image of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome — Clinical image shows black-blue subcutaneous nodules on the sole of the right foot, which were also present in multiple other areas on the patient’s body.

The diagnosis was blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

Infant with a ridge on their forehead

Clinical image of metopic craniosynostosis — Clinical images show a prominent ridge in the midline of the forehead.

The diagnosis was metopic craniosynostosis.

Newborn with oligohydramnios on prenatal ultrasound

Gross pathology image of cystic renal dysplasia and a trabeculated bladder due to urethral atresia — Post-mortem gross pathological image shows enlarged kidneys containing multiple large cysts bilaterally, left hydroureter (which was also present on the right) and a thick walled and trabeculated bladder.

The diagnosis was cystic renal dysplasia and neurogenic bladder due to urethral atresia causing oligohydramnios.

Newborn with oligohydramnios on prenatal ultrasound

Gross pathology image of cystic renal dysplasia due to urethral atresia — Gross pathological sectioned image shows an enlarged kidney which contains multiple large cysts.

The diagnosis was cystic renal dysplasia due to urethral atresia causing oligohydramnios.

Newborn with oligohydramnios on prenatal ultrasound

Gross pathology image of cystic renal dysplasia and a trabeculated bladder due to urethral atresia — Post-mortem gross pathological image shows bilaterally enlarged kidneys containing multiple large cysts and a trabeculated bladder inferior to the right kidney.

The diagnosis was cystic renal dysplasia and neurogenic bladder due to urethral atresia causing oligohydramnios.

Newborn with oligohydramnios on prenatal ultrasound

Clinical image of Potter's facies due to urethral atresia — Post-mortem gross pathological image shows Potter’s facies – a flattened face and low set ears – and a small thorax with pulmonary hypoplasia and large abdomen.

The diagnosis was pulmonary hypoplasia due to urethral atresia causing oligohydramnios.

Infant with abnormal facial pigmentation

Clinical image of Sturge-Weber Syndrome — Clinical image shows a left-sided port-wine stain in the V1 distribution of the fifth cranial nerve.

The diagnosis was Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Infant with abnormal facial pigmentation

Clinical image of Sturge-Weber Syndrome — Clinical image shows a left-sided port-wine stain in the V1 distribution of the fifth cranial nerve.

The diagnosis was Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Newborn with a purpuric rash

Clinical image of blueberry muffin rash of cytomegalovirus — Clinical image shows a skin rash along the whole body that resembles a blueberry muffin, with widespread reddish-blue to magenta-colored maculopapular lesions.

The diagnosis was cytomegalovirus encephalitis.

Toddler with left leukocoria

Clinical image of leukocoria due to retinoblastoma — Clinical image shows the left pupil to be white and nonreactive.

The diagnosis was retinoblastoma.

Teenager female with acute right lower quadrant pain

Surgical image of ovarian torsion — Surgical laparoscopic image (above) shows an enlarged grayish-white necrotic appearing right ovary in the midline of the pelvis in the center of the image. Upon closer inspection (below) the pedicle of the right ovary is seen to be twisted.

The diagnosis was right ovarian torsion due to an ovarian cyst.

School ager with right eyelid swelling and redness and eye pain

Clinical image of orbital cellulitis — Clinical image shows extensive erythema and swelling of the right orbit.

The diagnosis was right orbital cellulitis.

Toddler with a swollen right orbit

Clinical image of orbital cellulitis — Clinical image shows extensive erythema and swelling of the right orbit. Copious nasal secretions are also present.

The diagnosis was right orbital cellulitis.

School ager with right lower quadrant pain

Surgical image of omental infarction — Surgical laparoscopic images show an inflammatory mass on the right side of the abdomen in the center of each image at the tip of the laparoscope which is connected to the omentum and adherent to the anterior abdominal wall. The lower right image shows how the mass is twisted upon itself.

The diagnosis was omental infarction.